This talk will provide thoughts from the perspective of a materials science company about some technical challenges related to the development of more efficient conventional solar modules. The discussion will highlight expected trends related to cell devices (with a brief illustration of recent materials-based activities related to metallization of n-type wafers) and modules (with discussion of ongoing development of backsheets for bifacial modules). Novel materials and devices must last for at least 30 years, which is a particular challenge in the hot and arid climate of the Middle East region. As a result, this talk will include thoughts about the challenges of validating the durability of new technologies and suggestions related to accelerated testing methods.